bf:* → bffi:* mapping reference

Background

This document maps every bf:* (BIBFRAME) term encountered when converting MARCXML records to BFFI, to its BFFI-namespace counterpart. The conversion path is two-stage: MARCXML → BIBFRAME via the LC marc2bibframe2 XSLT, then BIBFRAME → BFFI via SPARQL CONSTRUCT (or equivalent RDF processing).

BFFI's namespace is closed — emit-side BFFI graphs should not carry bf:* terms — so every bf:* token in the BIBFRAME intermediate needs either a direct BFFI replacement, a routing rule when no direct counterpart exists, or NLF input when no working substitute is yet defined. The mapping below enumerates each case.

The Classes and Predicates tables below are auto-generated by the bffi-pipeline regenerate-mapping-tables command. The generator covers every bf:* term BIBFRAME 3.0.1 declares (450 in total — 224 classes + 226 properties) and consults three sources:

• The LoC BIBFRAME 3.0.1 ontology (RDF/XML, 2025-12-03 release). Provides the universe of bf:* terms.
• The BFFI 1.0.0 ontology (RDF/XML; based on BIBFRAME 2.4.0). Provides bf:* ↔ bffi:* mapping relations (owl:equivalentClass, owl:equivalentProperty, rdfs:subPropertyOf, bffi-meta:{broadMatch,closeMatch,exactMatch,narrowMatch}).
• The discriminator-routed terms the pipeline applies at conversion time (bf:Hub, bf:Isbn and other bf:Identifier descendants, bf:VariantTitle and the other Title subclasses, axis-default classes/predicates, bf:hasSeries, bf:accompaniedBy, bf:provisionActivityStatement). These have no direct BFFI mapping but get per-instance handling.

The two ontologies together let the conversion derive routings the bare BFFI-side walks miss — e.g. the ontology-driven Identifier-scheme routing walks bf:Identifier's 50+ subclasses in BIBFRAME and routes each to bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/{scheme}>. The bffi-pipeline diagnose-mappings command provides an interactive view of the BIBFRAME ↔ BFFI reachability classification.

Status legend

Status	Meaning
clean	Direct 1-hop owl:equivalentClass / owl:equivalentProperty to a bffi:* term. The clean-rename pass handles it; nothing else needed.
routed	No direct equivalence; the per-instance data determines which existing bffi:* class applies (see the routing callouts below each table). The Handler column names the routing function.
drop	The triple is deleted at emit time — either because the signal is redundant with another channel (bf:variantType is encoded in bffi:marcKey's MARC tag) or because BFFI has no carrier and reaching for a foreign vocabulary would violate namespace discipline. Drops are bounded, observable data losses; each is a candidate for a future BFFI extension via NLF.
semantic-shift	Best reach uses bffi-meta:broadMatch / closeMatch / narrowMatch / exactMatch. The BFFI side carries a related but not identical concept.
inherited	Best reach is a taxonomy walk through rdfs:subClassOf / rdfs:subPropertyOf chains; an ancestor's clean rename covers the term transitively (e.g. bf:AbbreviatedTitle reaches bffi:Title via the BIBFRAME class hierarchy + the bffi:Title ≡ bf:Title equivalence).
GAP	No path of any length and no routing handler — requires NLF input, a new routing, or a future BFFI release.

Document conventions

Element	Meaning
Re-anchor pattern	A bffi:* class has subclasses (bffi:Sub rdfs:subClassOf bffi:Anchor) and the anchor is owl:equivalentClass bf:X. Emitting any subclass alone makes the BIBFRAME class recoverable by OWL inference — no need to dual-type with bf:*.
"Also satisfies" column	Per-row inheritance closure: emitting the row's BFFI replacement makes the listed BIBFRAME classes recoverable by OWL inference, walked from bffi:Y upward through rdfs:subClassOf and counting every BFFI ancestor with owl:equivalentClass bf:*. Empty when there's no inheritance chain beyond the direct equivalence.

Classes (sorted alphabetically)

The table below is auto-generated by the bffi-pipeline regenerate-mapping-tables command from the LoC BIBFRAME ontology, the BFFI ontology, and the pipeline's discriminator-routing registry. Do not edit between the markers — your changes will be lost on the next regeneration.

bf: class	Status	bffi:* replacement	Link kind	Also satisfies (via inference)	Handler
bf:AbbreviatedTitle	inherited	bffi:Title	bf:subClassOf → bf:subClassOf → owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:AccessPolicy	clean	bffi:AccessPolicy	owl:equivalentClass	bf:UsageAndAccessPolicy	—
bf:AccessionNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/accession-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:AcquisitionSource	clean	bffi:AcquisitionSource	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:AdminMetadata	clean	bffi:AdminMetadata	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Agent	clean	bffi:Agent	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Ansi	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/ansi>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:AppliedMaterial	clean	bffi:AppliedMaterial	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Material	—
bf:Archival	clean	bffi:Archival	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Instance	—
bf:Arrangement	clean	bffi:Arrangement	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:AspectRatio	clean	bffi:AspectRatio	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Audio	routed	bffi:NonMusicAudioWork (Work-axis) / bffi:NonMusicAudioExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:AudioIssueNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/audio-issue-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:AudioTake	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/audio-take>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Barcode	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/barcode>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:BaseMaterial	clean	bffi:BaseMaterial	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Material	—
bf:Binding	clean	bffi:Binding	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:BookFormat	clean	bffi:BookFormat	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:BroadcastStandard	clean	bffi:BroadcastStandard	owl:equivalentClass	bf:VideoCharacteristic	—
bf:Capture	clean	bffi:Capture	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:CaptureStorage	clean	bffi:CaptureStorage	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:Carrier	clean	bffi:Carrier	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Cartographic	clean	bffi:Cartographic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:CartographicDataType	clean	bffi:CartographicDataType	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:CartographicObjectType	clean	bffi:CartographicObjectType	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:Cartography	routed	bffi:CartographyWork (Work-axis) / bffi:CartographyExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:Chronology	clean	bffi:Chronology	owl:equivalentClass	bf:EnumerationAndChronology	—
bf:Classification	clean	bffi:Classification	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ClassificationDdc	clean	bffi:ClassificationDdc	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Classification	—
bf:ClassificationLcc	clean	bffi:ClassificationLcc	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Classification	—
bf:ClassificationNal	clean	bffi:ClassificationNal	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Classification	—
bf:ClassificationNlm	clean	bffi:ClassificationNlm	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Classification	—
bf:ClassificationUdc	clean	bffi:ClassificationUdc	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Classification	—
bf:Coden	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/coden>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Collection	semantic-shift	bffi:CollectionExpression	bffi-meta:broadMatch	bf:Work	—
bf:CollectionArrangement	clean	bffi:CollectionArrangement	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:CollectiveTitle	routed	bffi:Title (anchor; subclass info preserved on bffi:marcKey)	discriminator: marcKey	—	route_title_variants
bf:ColorContent	clean	bffi:ColorContent	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Content	clean	bffi:Content	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ContentAccessibility	clean	bffi:ContentAccessibility	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Contribution	clean	bffi:Contribution	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:CopyrightNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/copyright-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:CopyrightRegistration	clean	bffi:CopyrightRegistration	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:CoverArt	clean	bffi:CoverArt	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Dataset	clean	bffi:Dataset	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:DescriptionAuthentication	clean	bffi:DescriptionAuthentication	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:DescriptionConventions	clean	bffi:DescriptionConventions	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:DescriptionLevel	clean	bffi:DescriptionLevel	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:DigitalCharacteristic	clean	bffi:DigitalCharacteristic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Dissertation	clean	bffi:Dissertation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:DissertationIdentifier	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/dissertation-identifier>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Distribution	clean	bffi:Distribution	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProvisionActivity	—
bf:Doi	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/doi>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:DramaticRole	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop	defensive (upstream-stability)	—	drop_music_residue
bf:Ean	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/ean>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Eidr	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/eidr>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Electronic	clean	bffi:Electronic	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Instance	—
bf:Emulsion	clean	bffi:Emulsion	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:EncodedBitrate	clean	bffi:EncodedBitrate	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:EncodingFormat	clean	bffi:EncodingFormat	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:Ensemble	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:EnsembleSize	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:Enumeration	clean	bffi:Enumeration	owl:equivalentClass	bf:EnumerationAndChronology	—
bf:EnumerationAndChronology	clean	bffi:EnumerationAndChronology	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Event	clean	bffi:Event	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Extent	clean	bffi:Extent	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Family	clean	bffi:Family	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Agent	—
bf:FileSize	clean	bffi:FileSize	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:FileType	clean	bffi:FileType	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:Fingerprint	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/fingerprint>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:FontSize	clean	bffi:FontSize	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Frequency	clean	bffi:Frequency	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Generation	clean	bffi:Generation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:GenerationProcess	clean	bffi:GenerationProcess	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:GenreForm	clean	bffi:GenreForm	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:GeographicCoverage	clean	bffi:GeographicCoverage	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:GrooveCharacteristic	clean	bffi:GrooveCharacteristic	owl:equivalentProperty	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:Gtin14Number	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/gtin14-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Hdl	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/hdl>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Hub	routed	bffi:Work / bffi:Expression / bffi:Arrangement / bffi:SeriesExpression (per marcKey)	discriminator: marcKey	—	route_hubs
bf:Identifier	clean	bffi:Identifier	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Illustration	clean	bffi:Illustration	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ImmediateAcquisition	clean	bffi:ImmediateAcquisition	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Instance	clean	bffi:Manifestation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Integrating	clean	bffi:Integrating	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:IntendedAudience	clean	bffi:IntendedAudience	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Isan	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/isan>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Isbn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/isbn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Ismn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/ismn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Isni	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/isni>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Iso	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/iso>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Isrc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/isrc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Issn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/issn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:IssnL	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/issn-l>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Issuance	semantic-shift	bffi:ExtensionPlan	bffi-meta:broadMatch	—	—
bf:Istc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/istc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Iswc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/iswc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Item	clean	bffi:Item	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Jurisdiction	clean	bffi:Jurisdiction	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Agent	—
bf:KeyMode	routed	(class typing removed implicitly when the parent bf:keyMode structured bnode is collapsed to a bffi:musicKey literal)	bnode subgraph cleanup	—	route_music_key
bf:KeyTitle	routed	bffi:Title (anchor; subclass info preserved on bffi:marcKey)	discriminator: marcKey	—	route_title_variants
bf:Kit	clean	bffi:Kit	owl:equivalentClass	bf:MixedMaterial, bf:Work	—
bf:Language	clean	bffi:Language	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Layout	clean	bffi:Layout	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:LcOverseasAcq	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/lc-overseas-acq>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Lccn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/lccn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Local	clean	bffi:Local	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Identifier	—
bf:Manufacture	clean	bffi:Manufacture	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProvisionActivity	—
bf:Manuscript	clean	bffi:Manuscript	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:Material	clean	bffi:Material	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:MatrixNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/matrix-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Media	clean	bffi:Media	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:MediumComponent	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:MediumComponentQualifier	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:MediumOfPerformance	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:Meeting	clean	bffi:Meeting	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Agent	—
bf:Microform	clean	bffi:Microform	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Instance	—
bf:MixedMaterial	clean	bffi:MixedMaterial	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:Mode	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop	defensive (upstream-stability)	—	drop_music_mode_residue
bf:Modification	clean	bffi:Modification	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProvisionActivity	—
bf:Monograph	routed	bffi:MonographWork (Work-axis) / bffi:MonographExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:Mount	clean	bffi:Mount	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:MovementNotation	clean	bffi:MovementNotation	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Notation	—
bf:MovingImage	routed	bffi:MovingImageWork (Work-axis) / bffi:MovingImageExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:Multimedia	clean	bffi:Multimedia	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:MusicAudio	routed	bffi:MusicWork (Work-axis) / bffi:MusicAudioExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:MusicDistributorNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/music-distributor-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:MusicEnsemble	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:MusicFormat	clean	bffi:MusicFormat	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:MusicInstrument	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:MusicMedium	clean	bffi:MusicMedium	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:MusicNotation	clean	bffi:MusicNotation	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Notation	—
bf:MusicPlate	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/music-plate>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:MusicPublisherNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/music-publisher-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:MusicVoice	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	—	route_music_medium
bf:Nbn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/nbn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:NonMusicAudio	routed	bffi:NonMusicAudioWork (Work-axis) / bffi:NonMusicAudioExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:NotatedMovement	clean	bffi:NotatedMovement	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:NotatedMusic	clean	bffi:NotatedMusic	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:Notation	clean	bffi:Notation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Note	clean	bffi:Note	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Object	clean	bffi:Object	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:ObjectCount	clean	bffi:ObjectCount	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:OclcNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/oclc-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:OpusNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/opus-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Organization	clean	bffi:Organization	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Agent	—
bf:ParallelTitle	routed	bffi:Title (anchor; subclass info preserved on bffi:marcKey)	discriminator: marcKey	—	route_title_variants
bf:Person	clean	bffi:Person	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Agent	—
bf:Place	clean	bffi:Place	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:PlaybackChannels	clean	bffi:PlaybackChannels	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:PlaybackCharacteristic	clean	bffi:PlaybackCharacteristic	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:PlayingSpeed	clean	bffi:PlayingSpeed	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:Polarity	clean	bffi:Polarity	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:PostalRegistration	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/postal-registration>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:PresentationFormat	clean	bffi:PresentationFormat	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProjectionCharacteristic	—
bf:PrimaryContribution	clean	bffi:PrimaryContribution	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Contribution	—
bf:Print	clean	bffi:Print	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Instance	—
bf:Production	clean	bffi:Production	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProvisionActivity	—
bf:ProductionMethod	clean	bffi:ProductionMethod	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Projection	clean	bffi:Projection	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ProjectionCharacteristic	clean	bffi:ProjectionCharacteristic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ProjectionSpeed	clean	bffi:ProjectionSpeed	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProjectionCharacteristic	—
bf:ProvisionActivity	clean	bffi:ProvisionActivity	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:PubFrequency	clean	bffi:PubFrequency	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Publication	clean	bffi:Publication	owl:equivalentClass	bf:ProvisionActivity	—
bf:PublisherNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/publisher-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:RecordingMedium	clean	bffi:RecordingMedium	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:RecordingMethod	clean	bffi:RecordingMethod	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:ReductionRatio	clean	bffi:ReductionRatio	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:RegionalEncoding	clean	bffi:RegionalEncoding	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:Relation	clean	bffi:Relation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Relationship	clean	bffi:Relationship	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Relief	clean	bffi:Relief	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:ReportNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/report-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Resolution	clean	bffi:Resolution	owl:equivalentClass	bf:DigitalCharacteristic	—
bf:RetentionPolicy	clean	bffi:RetentionPolicy	owl:equivalentClass	bf:UsageAndAccessPolicy	—
bf:Review	routed	bffi:BibframeWork (anchored — no axis split)	anchor downgrade (no Work/Expression alternative)	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:Role	clean	bffi:Role	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Scale	clean	bffi:Scale	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Script	clean	bffi:Script	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Notation	—
bf:Serial	routed	bffi:SerialWork (Work-axis) / bffi:SerialExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:SerialNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/serial-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Series	routed	bffi:SeriesWork (Work-axis) / bffi:SeriesExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's Work-axis co-type signal	—	route_axis_default_classes
bf:ShelfMark	clean	bffi:ShelfMark	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Identifier	—
bf:ShelfMarkDdc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/shelf-mark-ddc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:ShelfMarkLcc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/shelf-mark-lcc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:ShelfMarkNlm	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/shelf-mark-nlm>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:ShelfMarkUdc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/shelf-mark-udc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Sici	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/sici>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:SoundCharacteristic	clean	bffi:SoundCharacteristic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:SoundContent	clean	bffi:SoundContent	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Source	clean	bffi:Source	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Status	clean	bffi:Status	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:StillImage	clean	bffi:StillImage	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:StockNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/stock-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Strn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/strn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:StudyNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/study-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Sublocation	clean	bffi:Sublocation	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Summary	clean	bffi:Summary	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:SupplementaryContent	clean	bffi:SupplementaryContent	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:SystemRequirement	clean	bffi:SystemRequirement	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:TableOfContents	clean	bffi:TableOfContents	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Tactile	clean	bffi:Tactile	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Instance	—
bf:TactileNotation	clean	bffi:TactileNotation	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Notation	—
bf:TapeConfig	clean	bffi:TapeConfig	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:Tempo	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop	defensive (upstream-stability)	—	drop_music_residue
bf:Temporal	clean	bffi:Temporal	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Text	clean	bffi:Text	owl:equivalentClass	bf:Work	—
bf:ThematicCatalogNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/thematic-catalog-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Title	clean	bffi:Title	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Topic	clean	bffi:Topic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:TrackConfig	clean	bffi:TrackConfig	owl:equivalentClass	bf:SoundCharacteristic	—
bf:TransliteratedTitle	inherited	bffi:Title	bf:subClassOf → bf:subClassOf → owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Unit	clean	bffi:Unit	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:Upc	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/upc>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Urn	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/urn>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:UsageAndAccessPolicy	clean	bffi:UsageAndAccessPolicy	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:UsePolicy	clean	bffi:UsePolicy	owl:equivalentClass	bf:UsageAndAccessPolicy	—
bf:VariantTitle	routed	bffi:Title (anchor; subclass info preserved on bffi:marcKey)	discriminator: marcKey	—	route_title_variants
bf:VideoCharacteristic	clean	bffi:VideoCharacteristic	owl:equivalentClass	—	—
bf:VideoFormat	clean	bffi:VideoFormat	owl:equivalentClass	bf:VideoCharacteristic	—
bf:VideoRecordingNumber	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/videorecording-number>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:VideogamePlatformId	routed	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/videogame-platform-id>	discriminator: BIBFRAME subclass → LoC scheme URI	—	route_identifier_schemes
bf:Work	clean	bffi:BibframeWork	owl:equivalentClass	—	—

224 terms total: 144 clean, 73 routed, 3 drop, 2 inherited, 2 semantic-shift.

Hub routing — bf:Hub → bffi:Expression vs bffi:Work

The BFFI ontology has no bffi:Hub. But bf:Hub isn't a single semantic — it's BIBFRAME's flat aggregation of two FRBR/RDA-distinct things: a Work-axis reference (e.g. "Beethoven · Symphony no. 5") vs an Expression-axis reference (e.g. "English translation of À la recherche"). BFFI separates them. So bf:Hub routes to a bffi:Work-side or bffi:Expression-side class based on what facets the source MARC entry carries.

The discriminator is the marcKey value carried on every bf:Hub bnode in the BIBFRAME input. The routing reads it as bflc:marcKey (what marc2bibframe2 literally emits — the BFLC-standard predicate); the BFFI-side bffi:marcKey doesn't exist as a triple at routing time, only by owl:equivalentProperty inference. The marcKey value encodes the full MARC field as <tag><ind1><ind2> <subfields> — for example "73002$aSymphonie no. 5$lenglanti$omikrofilmi". The routing reads two things from this string:

1. First 3 characters — the MARC tag (240 / 730 / 740 / 100 / 700 / 130 / 830) — determines whether the Hub came from a uniform title, an analytical added entry, an author-attributed title, a series, etc.
2. Subfield codes embedded in the value ($l, $o, $r, $s, $m, $t) — present Expression-level facets that signal the Hub IS an Expression (a specific realization), not just a Work reference.

When the BIBFRAME emit also decomposes specific subfields into structured predicates on the Hub bnode (e.g., bf:language URI for $l, bf:musicMedium for $m, bf:keyMode for $r, bf:Arrangement rdf:type for $o), the routing can read those directly — same signal, just decomposed. The marcKey-substring check is the universal fallback that always works.

Routing table (read top-to-bottom; first match wins):

Signal	Routed bffi:* type	Why
bflc:marcKey contains $o arrangement subfield, OR bf:Arrangement in the Hub's rdf:type set	bffi:Arrangement	bffi:Arrangement is owl:equivalentClass bf:Arrangement AND rdfs:subClassOf bffi:Expression — perfect direct match; arrangements are Expression-level by definition
bflc:marcKey contains $m medium-of-performance subfield AND record content-type is audio recording	bffi:MusicAudioExpression	Expression-axis content-type-specific subclass of bffi:Expression
bflc:marcKey contains $m AND record content-type is notated music	bffi:NotatedMusic (owl:equivalentClass bf:NotatedMusic)	Expression-axis subclass of bffi:Expression
bflc:marcKey contains $l language qualifier (the dominant Expression signal)	bffi:Expression (+ bffi:languageOfExpression triple carrying the language URI)	$l names the language OF an Expression; the Hub IS that Expression
bflc:marcKey contains $r key subfield	bffi:Expression (+ bffi:musicKey literal)	Key is an Expression-level attribute
bflc:marcKey contains $s version subfield	bffi:Expression (+ bffi:version)	Version is an Expression-level attribute
First 3 chars of bflc:marcKey are 100 or 700 AND $t subfield present (author-attributed uniform title)	bffi:Work	The cataloguer named a Work via the author entry, not an Expression; treat as Work-level
First 3 chars of bflc:marcKey are 130 or 830 (series uniform title)	bffi:SeriesWork or bffi:SeriesExpression (axis-pick per record context)	Series entry; axis follows the per-record context
First 3 chars of bflc:marcKey are 730 or 740 AND no Expression-level subfields present	bffi:Work	Plain transcribed title with no Expression signal — cataloguer named a Work
Otherwise (fallback)	bffi:Work	Absent any Expression-level signal, default to the Work axis

SHACL override. bffi:expressionOf has rdfs:range bffi:Work (lkd.rdf) and the bffi-prov:AxisLinkRangeShape SHACL shape enforces it. marc2bibframe2 routinely attaches bf:expressionOf from bf:Instance (and from the abstract bf:Work) to a bf:Hub whose marcKey carries an Expression signal ($l, $r, $s). After renaming and Hub-routing, that Hub is typed bffi:Expression — but it is simultaneously the target of bffi:expressionOf, which the SHACL rejects. The routing forces bffi:Work on any Hub that is the target of bffi:expressionOf, regardless of the marcKey discriminator. The semantic information that the Hub is a language-qualified realisation is preserved on the Hub's bffi:marcKey literal — it is not lost, only not expressed via rdf:type.

Measured on the 319 field-coverage probes: 3 Hubs retyped (records 130, 1130, 1240 — marcKey patterns 130, 240…$l$s), clearing all 3 AxisLinkRangeShape violations, and all 3 records reconstruct byte-identical MARCXML afterwards. The reverse converter reaches a Hub by URI fragment plus bffi:marcKey, never by rdf:type, which is why the retype is round-trip neutral. The bffi-prov:ExpressionOfDomainShape residue on the same marc2bibframe2 pattern (a bf:Instance asserting bf:expressionOf, 3 records) is a separate case and still open.

BFFI emit side: the routed bffi:Work / bffi:Expression carries bffi:marcKey (BFFI-namespace; owl:equivalentProperty bflc:marcKey) with the same marcKey value forwarded from the bf:Hub bnode. Downstream BFFI consumers querying the canonical use bffi:marcKey (closed-namespace); BIBFRAME-aware consumers can reach bflc:marcKey by owl:equivalentProperty inference. The routing-time read is bflc:marcKey (since that's the literal predicate in the BIBFRAME input from marc2bibframe2); the emit-time write is bffi:marcKey.

What survives the migration without NLF input:

• Zero new BFFI terms required. Every routed type already exists in the BFFI ontology (bffi:Work, bffi:Expression, bffi:Arrangement, bffi:MusicAudioExpression, bffi:NotatedMusic, bffi:SeriesWork, bffi:SeriesExpression, bffi:languageOfExpression, bffi:musicKey, bffi:version, bffi:marcKey).
• bf:Work recovery via inference: both routes pass through the bffi:BibframeWork ≡ bf:Work anchor — bffi:Work ⊑ bffi:BibframeWork ≡ bf:Work AND bffi:Expression ⊑ bffi:BibframeWork ≡ bf:Work. BIBFRAME consumers reading the canonical see a bf:Work-shaped target either way (which is correct — BIBFRAME's bf:Hub is itself a bf:Work-shaped grouping).
• Round-trip integrity: the Expression-level facets that triggered the routing (bffi:languageOfExpression, bffi:musicKey, bffi:version, bffi:Arrangement type) are themselves recoverable via existing BFFI vocabulary — the MARC $l / $o / $r / $s subfields can be reconstructed without bf:Hub typing.
• What's lost: the BIBFRAME-specific "this is a less-rigorously-described entity" signal. BFFI's view is that sparse-description isn't a separate class — it's just a Work or Expression with minimal metadata. The information loss is ontological, not data.

Manifestation → Work domain-property lift

marc2bibframe2 occasionally attaches Work-domain predicates (bf:genreForm, bf:subject, bf:classification, bf:originDate) to a bf:Instance instead of its bf:Work. After clean-rename and axis-default predicate routing, those become bffi:genreForm / bffi:subject / bffi:classification / bffi:originDate on a bffi:Manifestation, which bffi-prov:WorkDomainShape reports — lkd.rdf declares their rdfs:domain as bffi:Work. It is also the wrong-FRBR-axis pattern from docs/roundtrip-debugging.md: the reverse converter reads these predicates off the Work (?m bffi:workManifested ?work . ?work bffi:subject|bffi:genreForm ?subject), so a Manifestation-attached term is dropped from the reconstructed MARC.

The lift resolves the Work for each offending Manifestation through three link shapes, tried in order, first non-empty wins — unioning them would let a weaker shape add a second candidate and turn a resolvable lift into an ambiguous one:

1. ?m bffi:workManifested ?work — from bf:instanceOf with a Work-typed object. The shape that actually occurs: 346 of 346 Manifestations in the field-coverage corpus, always exactly one object. It is also the link the reverse converter reads, so lifting to the Work it resolves is what makes the datum round-trippable.
2. ?work bffi:manifestationOfWork ?m — the inverse, from bf:hasInstance asserted by a Work-typed subject. Never emitted in the measured corpora, because route_work_split migrates bf:hasInstance to the BNode Expression before the axis-default routing sees it. Kept because that is an implementation detail of the split, not a guarantee.
3. ?m bffi:expressionManifested ?expr / ?expr bffi:manifestationOfExpression ?m, then ?expr bffi:expressionOf ?work — the Expression detour, walked forward because expressionOf has rdfs:range bffi:Work. Last resort: an Expression commonly points at both the record's Work and a Hub retyped bffi:Work by the Hub routing, and nothing distinguishes them at that point, so this shape often resolves as ambiguous.

Candidates must be Work-axis-typed. The lift then happens only when exactly one Work resolves; zero or several leaves the triple in place, because copying to several Works fabricates assertions the cataloguer never made and picking one arbitrarily is the arbitrary-single-value failure pattern. Nothing is ever dropped, and the shape still reports what could not be resolved.

bffi:Item is out of scope by design. MARC 051 (and 852) gives marc2bibframe2 an Item-attached bf:classification — the LC class number of one specific copy. Lifting it would assert a copy's shelf number as the Work's classification and make the reverse direction emit MARC 050, a field the source never had. lkd.rdf has no item-level classification property, so this is an ontology gap to raise with NLF; until then bffi-prov:ClassificationDomainShape accepts bffi:Work or bffi:Item for bffi:classification while bffi-prov:WorkDomainShape keeps the other three predicates Work-only.

Counters: manifestation_work_domain_lifted / manifestation_work_domain_unresolved in the observability end event. Measured: 0 lifts over the 319 field-coverage probes (their only off-Work case is the Item classification above), 1 lift over the 61 real fixture records — a bf:Instance-attached LC genre form on record 2394080, which the reverse then emits as MARC 655. Note that this particular term is one marc2bibframe2 derived from the 008 rather than read from a source 655, so recovering it adds a field the source record did not carry; that is the pre-existing derived-companion behaviour of the reverse direction (23 of the 61 records already emit such a 655), not something the lift introduces.

Identifier-scheme routing — every bf:Identifier subclass → bffi:Identifier + bffi:source

The BFFI ontology declares bffi:Identifier ≡ bf:Identifier but only two subclasses below it — bffi:Local and bffi:ShelfMark. BIBFRAME 3.0.1 declares 50 other subclasses of bf:Identifier (ISBN, ISSN, EAN, DOI, ISNI, OCLC, opus number, music plate, postal registration, video recording number, …) — none of which the BFFI ontology references. Their semantic content lives at the predicate level instead, via the existing bffi:source + bffi:Source + bffi:code triple structure that BFFI already declares.

The routing is ontology-driven: walk bf:Identifier's descendants in the BIBFRAME ontology and rewrite each one to the bffi:Identifier anchor + a bffi:source <…/identifiers/<scheme-token>> triple. The scheme-token derives from the BIBFRAME class local name via CamelCase → kebab-case (Isbn → isbn, IssnL → issn-l, AudioIssueNumber → audio-issue-number, OclcNumber → oclc-number) with two overrides (OtherIdentifier → other; VideoRecordingNumber → videorecording-number). New Identifier subclasses added to BIBFRAME in future ontology revisions get picked up automatically on the next BIBFRAME refresh — no enum to maintain.

The same pattern applies to local-library identifiers — a BFFI emit typically writes them as:

<manifestation> bffi:identifiedBy [
    a bffi:Local ;
    rdf:value "b21152068" ;
    bffi:source <http://example.org/bib:source/local-library>
] .

The standard-scheme replacement keeps the exact same shape with bffi:Identifier (the anchor class) at the top and a LoC-vocabulary URI as the scheme:

<manifestation> bffi:identifiedBy [
    a bffi:Identifier ;
    rdf:value "9780123456789" ;
    bffi:source <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/identifiers/isbn>
] .

Routing table (one row per BIBFRAME identifier subclass we emit; the BIBFRAME type collapses into the bffi:source URI):

BIBFRAME type	MARC source	BFFI emit shape
bf:Isbn	020 (ISBN-13 / ISBN-10)	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/isbn>
bf:Issn	022 (ISSN — serials)	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/issn>
bf:Ean	024 ind1=3 (EAN-13 barcode)	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/ean>
bf:AudioIssueNumber	028 (publisher number / record-label catalogue number)	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/audioIssueNumber>
bf:OtherIdentifier	024 ind1≠3 (DOI / ASIN / Sigel / etc.)	bffi:Identifier + bffi:source <…/identifiers/<scheme>> (<scheme> carried from the $2 subfield)

LoC publishes the canonical scheme URIs under http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/identifiers/ (it's how BIBFRAME itself encodes its subclass tree via bf:source on the data side). Using these URIs as the scheme indicator means a BIBFRAME consumer that previously matched on ?ident a bf:Isbn can re-target to ?ident bffi:source <…/identifiers/isbn> without changing the URI vocabulary.

Optional qualifier carryover when MARC $q is present:

<manifestation> bffi:identifiedBy [
    a bffi:Identifier ;
    rdf:value "9780123456789" ;
    bffi:source <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/identifiers/isbn> ;
    bffi:qualifier "(paperback)"
] .

What survives the migration without NLF input:

• Zero new BFFI terms required. Every emit term (bffi:Identifier, bffi:identifiedBy, bffi:source, bffi:qualifier) is already in the BFFI ontology.
• bf:Identifier recovery via inference — bffi:Identifier ≡ bf:Identifier is the direct equivalence anchor. BIBFRAME consumers querying "all bf:Identifier instances" find them all.
• Round-trip integrity — the bffi:source URI deterministically maps back to a MARC field + indicators ($2 scheme code, indicator values), so a BFFI-to-MARC reconstruction can recover 020 / 022 / 024 / 028 without bf:* class typing.
• Display-layer rendering — the bffi:source URIs benefit from multilingual labels in whichever display config the consumer uses (Skosmos, a custom UI, etc.) — e.g. "ISBN"@en, "ISBN"@fi, "ISBN"@sv. Same pattern as labels for any other URI-typed value.

What's lost:

• Type-based SPARQL queries — ?ident a bf:Isbn no longer works. Consumers query ?ident bffi:source <…/identifiers/isbn> instead. Same selectivity, different idiom.
• BIBFRAME-side rdfs:subClassOf bf:Identifier inference — a BIBFRAME consumer expecting bf:Isbn ⊑ bf:Identifier finds bffi:Identifier ≡ bf:Identifier directly, but the bf:Isbn subtype doesn't materialise. Acceptable trade-off — the scheme code carries the same information at a different axis.

Title-variant routing — bf:VariantTitle → bffi:Title + bffi:marcKey

bffi:Title's own skos:definition is explicit: "Title information relating to a resource: work title, preferred title, instance title, transcribed title…" — variant titles are subsumed under the single bffi:Title class by design. BFFI deliberately collapses the BIBFRAME Title / VariantTitle / ParallelTitle / KeyTitle subclass tree into one class with marcKey-discriminated instances.

The discriminator is the marcKey value carried on the title bnode. At routing time (reading the BIBFRAME bf:VariantTitle / bf:Title bnodes that marc2bibframe2 emits), the literal predicate is bflc:marcKey — bffi:marcKey only exists by owl:equivalentProperty inference at that point. The BFFI emit then writes the marcKey value forward onto the resulting bffi:Title bnode using bffi:marcKey (closed-namespace; owl:equivalentProperty bflc:marcKey keeps the BFLC-side reachable by reasoning).

The marcKey value encodes the full MARC field as <tag><ind1><ind2> <subfields> — for example "24610$aOsallisuus ja yhteisöllisyys…". The first three characters are the MARC tag, which uniquely identifies the title kind:

MARC tag (first 3 chars of the marcKey value)	Title kind
245	main title (the primary title of the resource)
246	variant title (alternative form transcribed from the resource)
240	uniform title (the conventional title for a Work)
730	added entry — analytical / related title
740	uncontrolled added entry
247	former title (predecessor title in serials)
222	key title (ISSN-registered series title)

Emit shape (parallel bffi:title chains on the same parent, each bnode typed bffi:Title, with bffi:marcKey carrying the MARC field encoding):

<expression> bffi:title <main-title-bnode> ;
             bffi:title <variant-title-bnode> .

<main-title-bnode> a bffi:Title ;
                   bffi:mainTitle "Osallisuus ja yhteisöllisyys" ;
                   bffi:marcKey "24500$aOsallisuus ja yhteisöllisyys" .

<variant-title-bnode> a bffi:Title ;
                      bffi:mainTitle "Osallisuus ja yhteisöllisyys lastenkotien retkitoiminnassa" ;
                      bffi:marcKey "24631$aOsallisuus ja yhteisöllisyys lastenkotien retkitoiminnassa" .

Consumers determine the title kind by reading the first three characters of bffi:marcKey. The round-trip back to MARC uses the same value to reconstruct the field tag + indicators + subfields verbatim — the marcKey IS the original MARC field, so reconstruction is identity.

What survives without NLF input:

• Zero new BFFI terms — bffi:Title, bffi:mainTitle, bffi:title, and bffi:marcKey are all in the existing BFFI vocabulary set. bffi:marcKey owl:equivalentProperty bflc:marcKey makes the BFLC-side counterpart reachable for BIBFRAME-aware consumers.
• bf:Title recovery via inference — bffi:Title ≡ bf:Title is direct equivalence; BIBFRAME consumers walking the OWL chain still see a bf:Title-shaped target.
• Round-trip integrity — bffi:marcKey carries the full MARC field encoding, so reconstruction is direct (read the tag, indicators, and subfields from the marcKey value).
• Standard discriminator — bffi:marcKey is a published BFFI predicate (owl:equivalentProperty bflc:marcKey); the underlying marcKey encoding is well-known to BIBFRAME-aware consumers. No project-internal vocabulary required.

What's lost:

• Type-based SPARQL queries — ?vt a bf:VariantTitle no longer works. Consumers switch to ?t a bffi:Title ; bffi:marcKey ?mk . FILTER(STRSTARTS(?mk, "246")). Same selectivity, slightly more verbose.
• The four BIBFRAME Title subclasses (bf:VariantTitle, bf:ParallelTitle, bf:KeyTitle, bf:CollectiveTitle) all collapse into the same routing — discriminated by the MARC tag in bffi:marcKey instead of the class.

Predicates (sorted alphabetically)

The table below is auto-generated by bffi-pipeline regenerate-mapping-tables from the same three sources as the Classes table above. Do not edit between the markers.

bf: predicate	Status	bffi:* replacement	Link kind	Handler
bf:absorbed	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:absorbedBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:accompaniedBy	routed	bffi:relation → bffi:Relation bnode (bffi:relationship <…/relationship/accompaniedby>)	structured-relation chain	route_relation_predicates
bf:accompanies	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:acquisitionSource	clean	bffi:acquisitionSource	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:acquisitionTerms	clean	bffi:acquisitionTerms	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:adminMetadata	clean	bffi:adminMetadata	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:adminMetadataFor	clean	bffi:adminMetadataFor	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:agent	inherited	bffi:agent	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:agentOf	routed	bffi:agent (triple-swap: ?s → ?o)	inverse-direction swap	route_inverse_predicates
bf:appliedMaterial	clean	bffi:appliedMaterial	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:appliedMaterialOf	routed	bffi:appliedMaterial (triple-swap: ?s → ?o)	inverse-direction swap	route_inverse_predicates
bf:arrangement	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:arrangementOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:ascensionAndDeclination	clean	bffi:ascensionAndDeclination	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:aspectRatio	inherited	bffi:aspectRatio	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:assigner	clean	bffi:assigner	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:associatedResource	clean	bffi:associatedResource	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:awards	clean	bffi:awards	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:baseMaterial	clean	bffi:baseMaterial	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:baseMaterialOf	routed	bffi:baseMaterial (triple-swap: ?s → ?o)	inverse-direction swap	route_inverse_predicates
bf:binding	clean	bffi:binding	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:bookFormat	clean	bffi:bookFormat	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:capture	inherited	bffi:capture	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:carrier	inherited	bffi:carrier	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:cartographicAttributes	clean	bffi:cartographicAttributes	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:changeDate	clean	bffi:changeDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:classification	clean	bffi:classification	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:classificationPortion	clean	bffi:classificationPortion	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:code	clean	bffi:code	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:collectionArrangement	clean	bffi:collectionArrangement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:collectionArrangementOf	clean	bffi:collectionArrangementOf	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:collectionOrganization	clean	bffi:collectionOrganization	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:colorContent	clean	bffi:colorContent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:content	inherited	bffi:content	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:contentAccessibility	clean	bffi:contentAccessibility	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:continuedBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:continuedInPartBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:continues	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:continuesInPart	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:contribution	clean	bffi:contribution	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:contributionOf	routed	bffi:contribution (triple-swap: ?s → ?o)	inverse-direction swap	route_inverse_predicates
bf:coordinates	clean	bffi:coordinates	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:copyrightDate	clean	bffi:copyrightDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:copyrightRegistration	clean	bffi:copyrightRegistration	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:count	clean	bffi:count	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:coverArt	clean	bffi:coverArt	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:creationDate	clean	bffi:creationDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:credits	inherited	bffi:credits	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:custodialHistory	clean	bffi:custodialHistory	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:dataSource	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:date	inherited	bffi:date	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:degree	semantic-shift	bffi:degree	bffi-meta:closeMatch	—
bf:derivativeOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:derivedFrom	clean	bffi:derivedFrom	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:descriptionAuthentication	clean	bffi:descriptionAuthentication	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:descriptionConventions	clean	bffi:descriptionConventions	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:descriptionLanguage	clean	bffi:descriptionLanguage	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:descriptionLevel	clean	bffi:descriptionLevel	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:descriptionModifier	clean	bffi:descriptionModifier	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:digitalCharacteristic	clean	bffi:digitalCharacteristic	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:dimensions	clean	bffi:dimensions	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:dissertation	clean	bffi:dissertation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:distributionStatement	clean	bffi:distributionStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:dramaticRole	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (forward path: append the value to the bffi:readMarc382 synth string if upstream begins emitting)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_music_residue
bf:duration	semantic-shift	bffi:durationOfRepresentativeExpression	bffi-meta:closeMatch	—
bf:edition	clean	bffi:edition	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:editionEnumeration	clean	bffi:editionEnumeration	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:editionStatement	clean	bffi:editionStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:electronicLocator	clean	bffi:electronicLocator	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:emulsion	clean	bffi:emulsion	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:ensemble	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:ensembleSize	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:ensembleType	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:enumerationAndChronology	clean	bffi:enumerationAndChronology	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:equinox	clean	bffi:equinox	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:eventContent	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:eventContentOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:exclusionGRing	clean	bffi:exclusionGRing	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:expressionOf	clean	bffi:expressionOf	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:extent	clean	bffi:extent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:findingAid	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:findingAidOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:firstIssue	clean	bffi:firstIssue	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:fontSize	clean	bffi:fontSize	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:frequency	clean	bffi:frequency	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:generation	clean	bffi:generation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:generationDate	clean	bffi:generationDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:generationProcess	clean	bffi:generationProcess	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:genreForm	clean	bffi:genreForm	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:geographicCoverage	clean	bffi:geographicCoverage	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:grantingInstitution	semantic-shift	bffi:grantingInstitution	bffi-meta:closeMatch	—
bf:hasDerivative	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:hasExpression	semantic-shift	bffi:hasExpression	bffi-meta:closeMatch	—
bf:hasInstance	routed	bffi:manifestationOfWork (Work-axis) / bffi:manifestationOfExpression (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's/object's Expression-axis signal	route_axis_default_predicates
bf:hasItem	clean	bffi:hasItem	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:hasPart	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:hasReproduction	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:hasSeries	routed	bffi:relation → bffi:Relation bnode (bffi:relationship <…/relationship/series>)	structured-relation chain	route_series_links
bf:hasSubseries	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:heldBy	clean	bffi:heldBy	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:hierarchicalLevel	clean	bffi:hierarchicalLevel	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:historyOfWork	clean	bffi:historyOfWork	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:identifiedBy	clean	bffi:identifiedBy	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:identifies	clean	bffi:identifies	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:illustrativeContent	clean	bffi:illustrativeContent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:immediateAcquisition	clean	bffi:immediateAcquisition	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:index	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:indexOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:instanceOf	routed	bffi:workManifested (Work-axis) / bffi:expressionManifested (Expression-axis)	discriminator: subject's/object's Expression-axis signal	route_axis_default_predicates
bf:instrument	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:instrumentalType	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:intendedAudience	clean	bffi:intendedAudience	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:issuance	routed	bffi:issuance (flat rename)	flat rename (no per-statement axis alternative)	route_axis_default_predicates
bf:itemOf	clean	bffi:itemOf	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:itemPortion	clean	bffi:itemPortion	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:keyMode	routed	bffi:musicKey literal — extracts rdfs:label from the bf:KeyMode bnode and attaches as a flat literal on the Work; bnode subgraph dropped	structured-bnode → literal collapse	route_music_key
bf:language	clean	bffi:language	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:lastIssue	clean	bffi:lastIssue	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:layout	clean	bffi:layout	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:legalDate	clean	bffi:legalDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:mainTitle	clean	bffi:mainTitle	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:manufactureStatement	clean	bffi:manufactureStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:material	clean	bffi:material	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:materialOf	routed	bffi:material (triple-swap: ?s → ?o)	inverse-direction swap	route_inverse_predicates
bf:media	clean	bffi:media	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:mediumComponent	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:mediumComponentQualifier	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:mediumOfPerformance	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:mergedToForm	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:mergerOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:mode	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (forward path: append mode value to the bffi:musicKey literal if upstream begins emitting)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_music_mode_residue
bf:mount	clean	bffi:mount	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:musicFormat	clean	bffi:musicFormat	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:musicKey	clean	bffi:musicKey	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:musicMedium	semantic-shift	bffi:mediumOfChoreographicContent	bffi-meta:closeMatch	—
bf:musicOpusNumber	clean	bffi:musicOpusNumber	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:musicSerialNumber	clean	bffi:musicSerialNumber	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:musicThematicNumber	clean	bffi:musicThematicNumber	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:natureOfContent	clean	bffi:natureOfContent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:notation	clean	bffi:notation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:note	inherited	bffi:note	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:noteFor	routed	bffi:note (triple-swap: ?note bf:noteFor ?subj → ?subj bffi:note ?note)	inverse-direction swap	route_note_for
bf:noteType	drop	no BFFI carrier — BFFI 1.0.0 doesn't model literal note categorisation; candidate for a future BFFI extension via NLF	no BFFI carrier; bounded data loss	drop_note_type
bf:numberOfHands	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (forward path: append the value to the bffi:readMarc382 synth string if upstream begins emitting)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_music_residue
bf:originDate	clean	bffi:originDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:originPlace	clean	bffi:originPlace	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:originalVersion	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:originalVersionOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:outerGRing	clean	bffi:outerGRing	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:part	clean	bffi:part	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:partName	clean	bffi:partName	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:partNumber	clean	bffi:partNumber	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:partOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:pattern	clean	bffi:pattern	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:phonogramDate	inherited	bffi:date	bf:subPropertyOf → rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:physicalLocation	clean	bffi:physicalLocation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:place	inherited	bffi:place	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:polarity	clean	bffi:polarity	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:precededBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:preferredCitation	clean	bffi:preferredCitation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:productionMethod	clean	bffi:productionMethod	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:productionStatement	clean	bffi:productionStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:projection	inherited	bffi:cartographicProjection	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:projectionCharacteristic	clean	bffi:projectionCharacteristic	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:provisionActivity	clean	bffi:provisionActivity	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:provisionActivityStatement	routed	bffi:date (76X-78X linking-entry hubs) / bffi:Note (otherwise)	discriminator: URI fragment	route_provision_activity_statement
bf:pubFrequency	clean	bffi:pubFrequency	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:publicationStatement	clean	bffi:publicationStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:qualifier	clean	bffi:qualifier	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:reductionRatio	clean	bffi:reductionRatio	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:referencedBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:references	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:relation	clean	bffi:relation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:relationship	clean	bffi:relationship	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:relief	clean	bffi:relief	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:replacedBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:replacementOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:reproductionOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:responsibilityStatement	clean	bffi:responsibilityStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:review	routed	bffi:relation → bffi:Relation bnode (bffi:relationship <…/relationship/review>)	structured-relation chain	route_relation_predicates
bf:role	clean	bffi:role	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:scale	clean	bffi:scale	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:schedulePart	clean	bffi:schedulePart	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:separatedFrom	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:seriesEnumeration	clean	bffi:seriesEnumeration	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:seriesOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:seriesStatement	clean	bffi:seriesStatement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:shelfMark	clean	bffi:shelfMark	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:soundCharacteristic	clean	bffi:soundCharacteristic	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:soundContent	clean	bffi:soundContent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:source	inherited	bffi:source	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:spanEnd	clean	bffi:spanEnd	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:splitInto	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:status	clean	bffi:status	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:subject	clean	bffi:subject	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:subjectOf	clean	bffi:subjectOf	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:sublocation	clean	bffi:sublocation	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:subseriesEnumeration	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (see forward-looking note below the Predicates table)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_subseries_residue
bf:subseriesOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:subseriesStatement	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (see forward-looking note below the Predicates table)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_subseries_residue
bf:subtitle	clean	bffi:subtitle	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:succeededBy	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:summary	clean	bffi:summary	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:supplement	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:supplementTo	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:supplementaryContent	clean	bffi:supplementaryContent	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:systemRequirement	clean	bffi:systemRequirement	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:table	clean	bffi:table	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:tableOfContents	clean	bffi:tableOfContents	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:tableSeq	clean	bffi:tableSeq	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:tempo	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (forward path: append the value to the bffi:readMarc382 synth string if upstream begins emitting)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_music_residue
bf:temporalCoverage	clean	bffi:temporalCoverage	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:title	clean	bffi:title	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:titleOf	clean	bffi:titleOf	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:translation	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:translationOf	inherited	bffi:relatedTo	bf:subPropertyOf → bf:subPropertyOf → owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:unit	clean	bffi:unit	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:usageAndAccessPolicy	inherited	bffi:usageAndAccessPolicy	rdfs:subPropertyOf	—
bf:usesMediumOfPerformance	drop	not emitted by the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT — defensive drop (forward path: append the value to the bffi:readMarc382 synth string if upstream begins emitting)	defensive (upstream-stability)	drop_music_residue
bf:validDate	clean	bffi:validDate	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:variantType	drop	redundant with the title-variant bffi:marcKey discriminator	redundant signal	drop_variant_type
bf:version	clean	bffi:version	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:videoCharacteristic	clean	bffi:videoCharacteristic	owl:equivalentProperty	—
bf:voice	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium
bf:voiceType	routed	bffi:musicMedium → bffi:MusicMedium bnode with a synthesised bffi:readMarc382 literal — labels from the BIBFRAME tree collapsed into a semicolon-separated summary	structured-tree → synth literal collapse	route_music_medium

226 terms total: 134 clean, 54 inherited, 24 routed, 9 drop, 5 semantic-shift.

Series-link routing — bf:hasSeries → bffi:relation + bffi:SeriesWork / bffi:SeriesExpression

BFFI declares the literal-form (bffi:seriesStatement, bffi:seriesEnumeration — both owl:equivalentProperty to their bf:* counterparts) and the entity classes (bffi:SeriesWork, bffi:SeriesExpression — both bffi-meta:broadMatch bf:Series), but no bffi:hasSeries linking predicate. The closest BFFI-namespace alternative is the structured general-purpose relation chain (bffi:relation → bffi:Relation bnode with bffi:relationship + bffi:associatedResource), pointing the relationship at LoC's vocabulary/relationship/series URI — the same shape bffi:relation already covers for related-work, hub-target, analytical-entry and contained-in cases.

Why not dct:isPartOf? The DC Terms section above shows dct:isPartOf has BFFI per-axis substitutes (bffi:expressionOf, bffi:workManifested, bffi:expressionManifested, bffi:itemOf) — but all four model FRBR-axis identity chains (X IS-A realization/instance/copy of Y), not aggregation/membership. None fits Series-membership semantics (a Manifestation is one of many publications in a Series, not an instance of the SeriesWork). And BFFI's aggregation predicate bffi:aggregatedBy has range bffi:AggregatingExpression, which is a sibling class to bffi:SeriesExpression, not a parent — using it would require dual-typing the Series. The structured-relation chain avoids both issues.

Emit shape:

<manifestation> bffi:relation [
    a bffi:Relation ;
    bffi:relationship <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relationship/series> ;
    bffi:associatedResource <series-uri>
] ;
bffi:seriesStatement "Julkaisuja (Nuorisotutkimusseura). Kenttä, no. 5" .

<series-uri> a bffi:SeriesWork ;        # or bffi:SeriesExpression — axis-pick
             skos:prefLabel "Julkaisuja (Nuorisotutkimusseura). Kenttä" ;
             bffi:seriesEnumeration "vol. 5" .  # when MARC 490$v / 830$v present

Axis pick on the Series target follows the same rule as the other axis-split classes — bffi:SeriesExpression for translation-of-a-series cases (e.g. a Finnish Expression of an English series), bffi:SeriesWork for Work-level series identity. Recommended default: bffi:SeriesExpression (matches the common case where the catalogued bib is a localised Expression-in-series).

What survives without NLF input:

• Single-namespace emit — every predicate and class on the chain is in bffi:* (no dct:* dependency).
• Round-trip integrity — the LoC vocabulary/relationship/series URI is the same one BIBFRAME's bf:Relation rows already use, and bffi:relation owl:equivalentProperty bf:relation. MARC 490 / 800 / 810 / 830 reconstruction matches the relationship URI to the field tag.
• Series-entity identity — typing the target as bffi:SeriesWork / bffi:SeriesExpression preserves the FRBR axis info that BIBFRAME's flat bf:Series lost. BIBFRAME consumers still see a bf:Work-shaped target via the re-anchor chain (bffi:SeriesWork ⊑ bffi:Work ⊑ bffi:BibframeWork ≡ bf:Work).

What's lost:

• The bf:hasSeries predicate URI itself — consumers walking ?m bf:hasSeries ?s need to switch to ?m bffi:relation/bffi:associatedResource ?s . ?m bffi:relation/bffi:relationship <…/relationship/series>. Same selectivity (the relationship URI distinguishes series-membership from other bffi:relation uses).
• Direct-link convenience — Series membership now lives on a Relation bnode, not as a flat predicate on the Manifestation. Skosmos rendering needs to walk one extra hop (the Hub/Relation routing patterns already do this; same display infrastructure).

Music-medium and music-key routing — bf:mediumOfPerformance / bf:mediumComponent / bf:ensemble / bf:KeyMode → collapse to literal

Version context. BFFI 1.0.0 (the BFFI ontology's owl:versionInfo) is based on BIBFRAME 2.4.0. The Library of Congress released BIBFRAME 3.0 in December 2025, whose headline change is that NDMSO absorbed the Performed Music Ontology (PMO) into core BIBFRAME, adding or refining: bf:MediumOfPerformance, bf:MediumComponent, bf:Ensemble, bf:EnsembleSize, bf:KeyMode, bf:Mode, bf:Tempo, bf:DramaticRole, bf:MediumComponentQualifier, bf:OpusNumber, bf:SerialNumber, bf:ThematicCatalogNumber (each carrying dct:modified 2025-12-01 with ticket GH134). BFFI does not include BFFI-namespace equivalents for these PMO-imported classes, and won't be extended to add them — the canonical BFFI shape for music-medium and music-key data uses the existing literal-carrier vocabulary.

Medium-of-performance routing (shipped): collapse the BIBFRAME structured-decomposition tree (bf:ensemble → bf:Ensemble → nested bf:mediumComponent / bf:mediumOfPerformance / bf:mediumComponentQualifier / bf:ensembleSize / bf:status, plus bare bf:instrument / bf:voice from MARC 048) into a single literal on a bffi:MusicMedium bnode:

<work>
    bffi:musicMedium [
        a bffi:MusicMedium ;
        bffi:readMarc382 "violin (solo), n=1; piano; ensemble: 2; (partial)"
    ] .

The synth string format: - Each bf:mediumComponent renders as <label> plus optional (<qualifier>) and , n=<count> - Multiple components joined by ; - Top-level bf:ensembleSize rendered as ; ensemble: <total> - Top-level bf:status (e.g. partial from MARC 382 ind1=1) rendered as ; (<status>) - Bare MARC 048 emit (one bf:instrument or bf:voice per source MARC code) produces one bffi:musicMedium block per source triple, each carrying just the instrument label

bffi:readMarc382 (English label: "read-only 382 field", owl:equivalentProperty bflc:readMarc382) is the only property the BFFI ontology declares with bffi:MusicMedium as its domain. The literal we emit is a synthesised summary, not the verbatim source MARC 382 — marc2bibframe2 doesn't preserve the source field as a bflc:marcKey literal on the bf:Ensemble bnode (unlike 6XX / X30 entities), so the synth string is the best we can produce from the BIBFRAME graph alone. Round-trip to MARC 382 reconstructs from this summary; not byte-identical to the source. Documented as a known-acceptable lossiness for this routing.

Defensive drops (PMO terms marc2bibframe2 doesn't emit): bf:tempo, bf:dramaticRole, bf:numberOfHands, bf:usesMediumOfPerformance (predicates) and bf:Tempo, bf:DramaticRole (classes). The XSLT survey returned zero hits; the drop is insurance against a future upstream change. If upstream begins emitting these, the forward path is to append the value to the bffi:readMarc382 synth string.

Music-key routing (shipped): collapse the BIBFRAME structured bf:keyMode → bf:KeyMode bnode into the existing bffi:musicKey Literal datatype property. marc2bibframe2 emits:

<work> bf:keyMode [
    a bf:KeyMode ;
    rdfs:label "B-flat major"
] .

The routing extracts every rdfs:label from the inner KeyMode bnode, emits one bffi:musicKey literal per label on the parent Work (preserving language tags), then drops the entire bnode subgraph — the bnode's rdf:type bf:KeyMode, the rdfs:label, and any optional bf:source triples all disappear. Final shape:

<work> a bffi:MusicWork ;
       bffi:musicKey "B-flat major" .

bffi:musicKey has rdfs:domain bffi:MusicWork, is a DatatypeProperty (range Literal), and owl:equivalentProperty bf:musicKey — corresponds to BIBFRAME's flat-literal bf:musicKey, not to the structured bf:keyMode → bf:KeyMode block. The collapse exploits this equivalence to land the structured PMO data on BFFI's pre-existing literal carrier.

bf:mode / bf:Mode defensive drop: the BIBFRAME 3.0.1 PMO mode-only-without-key predicate/class. marc2bibframe2's XSLT doesn't emit them (verified: zero grep hits across the XSLT tree); they're dropped defensively. If upstream changes, the forward path is to append the mode value to the bffi:musicKey literal that the music-key routing already produces (combining key="B♭" + mode="minor" into "B♭ minor").

What survives the migration:

• Zero new BFFI terms required. Every term in the collapse chain (bffi:musicMedium, bffi:MusicMedium, bffi:readMarc382, bffi:musicKey) is already in the BFFI ontology.
• bf:MusicMedium recovery via inference — bffi:MusicMedium owl:equivalentClass bf:MusicMedium; the BIBFRAME class is directly reachable. (BIBFRAME 3.0's bf:MusicMedium is unchanged by the PMO absorption.)
• Round-trip integrity — a BFFI-to-MARC reconstruction re-emits MARC 382 verbatim from bffi:readMarc382 (the literal IS the original MARC 382). Music-key reconstruction reads the bffi:musicKey literal into MARC 384.

What's lost:

• Structured-decomposition queries — ?w bf:musicMedium/bf:mediumComponent ?c (and the new BIBFRAME 3.0 bf:Ensemble / bf:MediumComponent chains) don't materialise; consumers needing the components must parse the bffi:readMarc382 literal or query BIBFRAME directly.
• Key/Mode/Tempo separation — ?w bf:keyMode/bf:mode, ?w bf:tempo — the combined bffi:musicKey "B-flat major" literal carries the joined key+mode form but doesn't separate them.
• Direct PMO-class equivalence — entities the BIBFRAME 3.0 emit types as bf:Ensemble, bf:MediumOfPerformance, bf:MediumComponent (added 2025-12-01) have no BFFI class to land on; they collapse into the MusicMedium block.

Sources for the BIBFRAME 3.0 release information:

• BIBFRAME 3.0: Now with Improved Music Data — Music Library Association Cataloging and Metadata Committee
• BIBFRAME — Library of Congress
• LC semi-annual BIBFRAME update, Feb 2026
• lcnetdev/bibframe-ontology repository

This is the same pattern as the Identifier-scheme and Title-variant collapses elsewhere in this doc: BFFI consistently chooses one canonical class + one literal-carrier property over BIBFRAME's structured subclass tree.

Axis-default class routings

Eight BIBFRAME classes have bffi-meta:broadMatch (or for bf:MusicAudio, closeMatch) mappings to both a Work-axis and an Expression-axis BFFI counterpart. The routing picks per subject based on the subject's co-typed rdf:type assertions:

• Work-axis pick when the subject carries any of bffi:BibframeWork, bffi:Work, bffi:AggregatingWork, or bffi:Arrangement as another rdf:type. This is the Work URI marc2bibframe2 emitted (typed bf:Work upstream, renamed to bffi:BibframeWork by the clean-rename pass) or a Hub URI that the Hub routing already retyped to bffi:Work / bffi:Arrangement.
• Expression-axis pick otherwise — Instance URIs (marc2bibframe2 echoes the content-type class on the Instance side but doesn't co-type it bf:Work) and any subject without a clear axis signal. Matches the HELMET corpus "one localised Expression per record" pattern.

bf:* class	Work-axis pick	Expression-axis pick
bf:Monograph	bffi:MonographWork	bffi:MonographExpression
bf:Series	bffi:SeriesWork	bffi:SeriesExpression
bf:Serial	bffi:SerialWork	bffi:SerialExpression
bf:MusicAudio	bffi:MusicWork (closeMatch; asymmetric — there is no bffi:MusicAudioWork)	bffi:MusicAudioExpression
bf:MovingImage	bffi:MovingImageWork	bffi:MovingImageExpression
bf:Cartography	bffi:CartographyWork	bffi:CartographyExpression
bf:NonMusicAudio	bffi:NonMusicAudioWork	bffi:NonMusicAudioExpression
bf:Audio (marc2bibframe2 emits this only for non-music audio)	bffi:NonMusicAudioWork	bffi:NonMusicAudioExpression

The counter dict the routing returns is split into axis_default_class_work and axis_default_class_expression so the observability summary surfaces the discriminator's effect per run. In the 20 k bench the split was ~50/50 — marc2bibframe2 echoes each content-type class on both the Work URI and the Instance URI, and the discriminator catches both correctly.

Axis-default predicate routings

bf:instanceOf and bf:hasInstance are per-statement-discriminated (the routing inspects the axis-signal side's rdf:type to pick Work vs Expression). bf:issuance is a flat rename — its BFFI peer bffi:extensionPlan looks like an "alternative" only on first glance; deeper inspection (below) shows it's a separate concept entirely:

bf:* predicate	Routing	Discriminator side	Work-axis pick	Expression-axis pick
bf:instanceOf	per-statement	object's rdf:type	bffi:workManifested	bffi:expressionManifested
bf:hasInstance	per-statement	subject's rdf:type	bffi:manifestationOfWork	bffi:manifestationOfExpression
bf:issuance	flat rename	—	bffi:issuance	bffi:issuance

Why the per-statement discriminator works. bf:instanceOf is "Manifestation → Work/Expression" — its object is the entity being realized. If that object is typed bffi:Expression (or any descendant — bffi:SeriesExpression, bffi:MonographExpression, …), the statement is realizing-an-Expression and lands on bffi:expressionManifested. Same logic inverted for bf:hasInstance: the SUBJECT is the entity-having-instances, so its type drives the pick.

Why bf:issuance is a flat rename, not discriminated. The BFFI ontology declares two bffi:* terms with bffi-meta:broadMatch bf:issuance — bffi:issuance and bffi:extensionPlan. Surface-level that reads as "alternative renames," but the deeper picture says they're two separate concepts that both happen to be loosely related to BIBFRAME's issuance area:

BFFI term	Domain	Range	bffi-meta:relatedValueVocabulary	RDA term list
bffi:issuance	bffi:Manifestation	bffi:Issuance	…au:mts:m4372	RDA ModeIssue — Single unit, Serial, Multipart monograph, Integrating resource
bffi:extensionPlan	bffi:Work	bffi:ExtensionPlan	…au:mts:m5119	RDA RDAExtensionPlan — Unknown, Will not be extended, Has no plan to be extended, …

bffi:extensionPlan describes a Work's projected expansion behaviour (an editorial/curatorial plan); bffi:issuance describes the issuance pattern at the Manifestation level. They link to different RDA term lists with disjoint value vocabularies. They are not interchangeable on a single triple.

What this means for the per-statement signal: the object URI of bf:issuance (<…/issuance/serl>, <…/issuance/mono>, <…/issuance/intg>, <…/issuance/mulu>) IS a meaningful per-statement signal — but it discriminates between codes inside bffi:issuance, not between bffi:issuance and bffi:extensionPlan. All four codes are valid RDA ModeIssue values, so they all map cleanly to bffi:issuance without further routing. Routing the <serl>/<intg> ones to bffi:extensionPlan would mis-type the object — those URIs aren't RDA RDAExtensionPlan values.

In the corpus (200-record sample): 197 <…/mono> + 3 <…/serl>, all on Manifestation subjects (bf:Instance). The flat rename to bffi:issuance covers every observed case correctly.

Forward-looking note (not implemented). If the converter should also emit a bffi:extensionPlan triple on the Work side for serial / integrating resources — a synthesised addition rather than a routing alternative — that's a separate, additive feature. It would mint an ExtensionPlan instance (URI policy TBD), attach it to the Work via bffi:extensionPlan, and leave the existing bffi:issuance Manifestation triple untouched. Surface as a plan if downstream consumers ask for the Work-level metadata.

Observability. The routing returns a counter dict split per predicate-and-axis: instance_of_work, instance_of_expression, has_instance_of_work, has_instance_of_expression, issuance. The next 20 k bench surfaces the per-axis distribution per run.

URI-fragment discriminator routing — bf:provisionActivityStatement

bf:provisionActivityStatement is declared in BIBFRAME 3.0.1 as a DatatypeProperty on bf:Instance with range Literal — labelled "Provider statement" in the ontology, conceptually a generic free-text statement covering any provision-activity flavour (publication / production / manufacture / distribution / copyright). The BFFI ontology has no bffi:* equivalent.

In the Helmet corpus, every observed instance (102 in the 20 k bench) is attached to a related-Instance hub from a MARC 76X-78X linking-entry field (780 preceding entry, 785 succeeding entry, 760 main series, 765 original language, 770 supplement, 773 host item, 775 other edition, 776 additional physical form, 777 issued with, 787 other relationship, …) and carries a date range ("1980-1981", "1909-1993", "2003-", …) — not a publisher statement at all. The MARC tag is encoded in the Instance URI's fragment: <…#Instance780-25>.

The routing reads the URI fragment as a structural discriminator (same shape Hub routing uses, just on URI content instead of bflc:marcKey content):

• Fragment matches Instance(76\d|77\d|78\d)-* → rewrite to bffi:date as a plain string literal (no EDTF datatype claim — content isn't always EDTF-conformant, e.g. "(1990-2013), ISSN").
• Fragment doesn't match → wrap the literal in a bffi:Note bnode: ?inst bffi:note [a bffi:Note ; rdfs:label "text"]. Generic carrier; preserves the text without asserting a semantic interpretation.

Two observability counters split the destination (provision_statement_to_date vs provision_statement_to_note) so the discriminator decision is visible per run.

Catch-all relation predicates via bffi:relation

BIBFRAME predicates with no direct bffi:* counterpart but a natural fit for the structured bffi:relation → bffi:Relation chain documented in Series-link routing above — same shape, different LoC vocabulary/relationship/<term> URI on the Relation bnode:

bf:* predicate	LoC relationship URI
bf:hasSeries	<http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relationship/series>
bf:accompaniedBy	<http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relationship/accompaniedby>
bf:review	<http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relationship/review>

bf:hasSeries has its own dedicated routing function (separate counter for observability visibility); the others extend the catch-all map.

Inverse-direction triple-swap routings

Five BIBFRAME inverse predicates have forward-direction bffi:* equivalents already declared in the BFFI ontology (with owl:equivalentProperty to their bf:* counterparts). The routing flips each triple's direction and renames the predicate to the forward form:

Inverse bf:*	Forward bffi:*	Source triple	Routed triple
bf:agentOf	bffi:agent	?agent bf:agentOf ?contribution	?contribution bffi:agent ?agent
bf:contributionOf	bffi:contribution	?contrib bf:contributionOf ?work	?work bffi:contribution ?contrib
bf:materialOf	bffi:material	?material bf:materialOf ?manifestation	?manifestation bffi:material ?material
bf:appliedMaterialOf	bffi:appliedMaterial	?material bf:appliedMaterialOf ?m	?m bffi:appliedMaterial ?material
bf:baseMaterialOf	bffi:baseMaterial	?material bf:baseMaterialOf ?m	?m bffi:baseMaterial ?material

Zero corpus prevalence in the 20 k bench — these are insurance routings against future records that might use the inverse direction. bf:noteFor follows the same pattern with its own dedicated routing (kept separate because its semantic — anchoring a Note to its subject — is note-specific rather than a generic inverse-relation pattern):

• ?note bf:noteFor ?subject → ?subject bffi:note ?note

Drops — no BFFI carrier, redundant signal, or defensive

Four predicates are dropped instead of routed:

• bf:variantType (?title bf:variantType "parallel") — redundant. The title-variant routing's bffi:marcKey discriminator already encodes the variant type via the first-3-char MARC tag (246 parallel, 740 analytical added, etc.). Dropping it avoids closed-namespace residue without information loss.
• bf:noteType (?note bf:noteType "Summary") — no BFFI carrier. BFFI 1.0.0 deliberately didn't model literal note categorisation; bffi:Note has zero predicates declared with it as domain and only bffi:TitleNote as a subclass. Reaching for a foreign vocabulary (dct:type, skos:notation) would contradict the "DC Terms → BFFI alternatives" pattern below, which expects BFFI-native carriers wherever possible. Candidate for a future BFFI extension via NLF conversation. Bounded loss: the note's text content (rdfs:label) typically encodes the categorisation implicitly ("Bibliography: …", "Summary: …").
• bf:subseriesStatement + bf:subseriesEnumeration — defensive. BIBFRAME 3.0.1 declares both predicates, but the LoC marc2bibframe2 XSLT (our actual upstream) never emits them — subseries information in MARC 490 / 8XX gets folded into ordinary bf:Series + bf:seriesEnumeration shapes instead. Verified by grep -rn 'subseries…' returning zero hits across the XSLT tree, and corroborated by zero occurrences in a 500-file Helmet corpus sample. The drop covers the case where a future upstream change surfaces these — see the forward-looking note below for the marcKey-based pairing strategy that should replace the drop at that point.

Forward-looking note — pairing subseries with parent series via bflc:marcKey

If a future BIBFRAME upstream begins emitting bf:subseriesStatement / bf:subseriesEnumeration, the proper handling is to attach the subseries content to the right parent Series entity, not just to copy it as a literal. The signal that makes the pairing tractable is the bflc:marcKey literal already attached to each Series entity by marc2bibframe2 — its first 3 characters identify the source MARC field tag (490 transcribed series, 800 series-author Hub, 810 series-corporate Hub, 811 series-meeting Hub, 830 series uniform-title Hub).

Concretely, the routing would:

1. For each Manifestation with multiple bffi:relation → bffi:SeriesWork chains (after the existing Series-link routing has minted them), inspect each SeriesWork's bffi:marcKey literal.
2. For each bf:subseriesStatement / bf:subseriesEnumeration triple on the Manifestation, find the SeriesWork whose marcKey tag matches the subseries data's originating field. (For the simple single-series case this is trivial; for multi-series cases the marcKey tag disambiguates.)
3. Attach the subseries content to the chosen SeriesWork via bffi:partName / bffi:partNumber (Option 3 from the design discussion — these existing BFFI predicates carry the "part name + number" semantic cleanly when attached to a SeriesWork entity).

Until upstream changes, the drop ensures closed-namespace cleanliness. The counter (subseries_dropped) surfaces any drop in the observability summary — a non-zero value indicates upstream has begun emitting these and the marcKey-pairing routing should be implemented.

Defensive guard — undeclared bf:* terms are dropped

After every clean rename + discriminator routing has run, any bf:* URI remaining in the output graph is checked against the BIBFRAME ontology. If neither BIBFRAME's classes, object properties, nor datatype properties declare the term, the whole triple is removed and the drop count is reported as dropped_undeclared_bf.

The pattern uses the BIBFRAME ontology as the authority for "is this a real bf:* term?" rather than maintaining a hand-curated allowlist. Concrete catches from the 20 k bench:

• bf:Statement (4 occurrences) — marc2bibframe2 emits a freestanding <bf:Statement>text</bf:Statement> element with the publisher-statement transcribed text. The string content is identical to the sibling structured bf:ProvisionActivity block (bflc:simplePlace + bflc:simpleAgent + bflc:simpleDate) — dropping it loses no information. bf:Statement is not declared in BIBFRAME 3.0.1 (zero triples reference it), so the guard correctly identifies it as an upstream emit artifact and removes it.

Drop counters surface in the observability end event so the operator can monitor the artifact rate per run. If BIBFRAME later adds a term that marc2bibframe2 already emits, the next BIBFRAME refresh picks it up automatically and the drop count for that term falls to zero.

DC Terms → BFFI alternatives

Definitive mapping from DC Terms predicates to BFFI counterparts. The BFFI ontology does not declare formal owl:equivalentProperty / rdfs:subPropertyOf / bffi-meta:*Match links to the dct:* namespace (verified by rdflib scan of every BFFI predicate's link set). The mapping below is therefore by semantic correspondence — each BFFI term carries an owl:equivalentProperty to the BIBFRAME predicate of comparable meaning, and the BIBFRAME predicate has the same role as the DC Terms predicate.

dct:* term	BFFI alternative	Shape	BFFI ↔ BIBFRAME link
dct:date	bffi:date (parent) · bffi:copyrightDate · bffi:changeDate · bffi:provisionActivityDate (children)	Literal datatype	bffi:*Date rdfs:subPropertyOf bffi:date; each child has owl:equivalentProperty bf:*Date
dct:identifier	bffi:identifiedBy → bffi:Identifier (range) → rdf:value (literal payload)	ObjectProperty + structured bnode	bffi:identifiedBy owl:equivalentProperty bf:identifiedBy
dct:isPartOf	per-axis — bffi:expressionOf (Expression→Work) · bffi:workManifested (Manifestation→Work) · bffi:expressionManifested (Manifestation→Expression) · bffi:itemOf (Item→Manifestation)	ObjectProperty	each owl:equivalentProperty bf:expressionOf / bf:workManifested / bf:expressionManifested / bf:itemOf; multiple RDA exactMatches
dct:modified	bffi:changeDate (domain bffi:AdminMetadata)	Literal datatype on AdminMetadata bnode	bffi:changeDate owl:equivalentProperty bf:changeDate; rdfs:subPropertyOf bffi:date
dct:publisher	bffi:publicationStatement (literal) · bffi:Publication (class, rdfs:subClassOf bffi:ProvisionActivity)	Literal datatype · or class for structured bnode	bffi:publicationStatement owl:equivalentProperty bf:publicationStatement; bffi:Publication owl:equivalentClass bf:Publication
dct:relation	bffi:relation → bffi:Relation (range)	ObjectProperty + structured bnode (with bffi:relationship + bffi:associatedResource)	bffi:relation owl:equivalentProperty bf:relation
dct:spatial	bffi:place (parent) · bffi:originPlace (Work creation) · bffi:geographicCoverage (Work subject area) · bffi:locationOfCollection (CollectionManifestation)	ObjectProperty → bffi:Place	parent bffi:place rdfs:subPropertyOf bf:place; children with owl:equivalentProperty bf:* + RDA exactMatch
dct:subject	bffi:subject	ObjectProperty	bffi:subject owl:equivalentProperty bf:subject; RDA w/P10256 exactMatch
dct:temporal	bffi:temporalCoverage	ObjectProperty → bffi:Temporal	bffi:temporalCoverage owl:equivalentProperty bf:temporalCoverage; RDA w/P10322 exactMatch
dct:title	bffi:title (ObjectProperty → bffi:Title) · bffi:mainTitle (Literal datatype on bffi:Title)	ObjectProperty · or Literal datatype	bffi:title owl:equivalentProperty bf:title; bffi:mainTitle owl:equivalentProperty bf:mainTitle

Re-anchor clusters (tree view)

One tree per bffi:Anchor owl:equivalentClass bf:X that has at least one BFFI subclass. Each tree shows every bffi:Sub rdfs:subClassOf descendant (transitive closure) with its own bf:* equivalent when available. Emitting any node in a tree makes every BIBFRAME ancestor satisfied by inference.

The trees enumerate the complete BFFI re-anchor structure as declared in the BFFI ontology — including classes a typical MARC-to-BFFI conversion does not encounter — so an NLF reviewer can verify the structure independently of conversion-scoped tables above.

Marker legend:

Marker	Meaning
✅	bffi:Sub owl:equivalentClass bf:* is declared
🆕	BFFI-native — no bf:* counterpart in the BFFI ontology
⤴	bffi-meta:broadMatch / closeMatch only (no clean alias)

Standalone anchors (no BFFI subclasses, no BFFI parents)

Fifty-six BFFI classes are owl:equivalentClass bf:X directly with no further BFFI hierarchy above or below them. Listed here alphabetically for completeness:

• bffi:AcquisitionSource ✅ ≡ bf:AcquisitionSource
• bffi:AdminMetadata ✅ ≡ bf:AdminMetadata
• bffi:AspectRatio ✅ ≡ bf:AspectRatio
• bffi:Binding ✅ ≡ bf:Binding
• bffi:BookFormat ✅ ≡ bf:BookFormat
• bffi:Capture ✅ ≡ bf:Capture
• bffi:Carrier ✅ ≡ bf:Carrier
• bffi:Cartographic ✅ ≡ bf:Cartographic
• bffi:CollectionArrangement ✅ ≡ bf:CollectionArrangement
• bffi:ColorContent ✅ ≡ bf:ColorContent
• bffi:Content ✅ ≡ bf:Content
• bffi:ContentAccessibility ✅ ≡ bf:ContentAccessibility
• bffi:CopyrightRegistration ✅ ≡ bf:CopyrightRegistration
• bffi:CoverArt ✅ ≡ bf:CoverArt
• bffi:DescriptionAuthentication ✅ ≡ bf:DescriptionAuthentication
• bffi:DescriptionConventions ✅ ≡ bf:DescriptionConventions
• bffi:DescriptionLevel ✅ ≡ bf:DescriptionLevel
• bffi:Dissertation ✅ ≡ bf:Dissertation
• bffi:Emulsion ✅ ≡ bf:Emulsion
• bffi:Event ✅ ≡ bf:Event
• bffi:Extent ✅ ≡ bf:Extent
• bffi:FontSize ✅ ≡ bf:FontSize
• bffi:Frequency ✅ ≡ bf:Frequency
• bffi:Generation ✅ ≡ bf:Generation
• bffi:GenerationProcess ✅ ≡ bf:GenerationProcess
• bffi:GenreForm ✅ ≡ bf:GenreForm
• bffi:GeographicCoverage ✅ ≡ bf:GeographicCoverage
• bffi:Illustration ✅ ≡ bf:Illustration
• bffi:ImmediateAcquisition ✅ ≡ bf:ImmediateAcquisition
• bffi:IntendedAudience ✅ ≡ bf:IntendedAudience
• bffi:Language ✅ ≡ bf:Language
• bffi:Layout ✅ ≡ bf:Layout
• bffi:Media ✅ ≡ bf:Media
• bffi:Mount ✅ ≡ bf:Mount
• bffi:MusicFormat ✅ ≡ bf:MusicFormat
• bffi:MusicMedium ✅ ≡ bf:MusicMedium
• bffi:Place ✅ ≡ bf:Place
• bffi:Polarity ✅ ≡ bf:Polarity
• bffi:ProductionMethod ✅ ≡ bf:ProductionMethod
• bffi:Projection ✅ ≡ bf:Projection
• bffi:PubFrequency ✅ ≡ bf:PubFrequency
• bffi:ReductionRatio ✅ ≡ bf:ReductionRatio
• bffi:Relation ✅ ≡ bf:Relation
• bffi:Relationship ✅ ≡ bf:Relationship
• bffi:Relief ✅ ≡ bf:Relief
• bffi:Role ✅ ≡ bf:Role
• bffi:SoundContent ✅ ≡ bf:SoundContent
• bffi:Status ✅ ≡ bf:Status
• bffi:Sublocation ✅ ≡ bf:Sublocation
• bffi:Summary ✅ ≡ bf:Summary
• bffi:SupplementaryContent ✅ ≡ bf:SupplementaryContent
• bffi:TableOfContents ✅ ≡ bf:TableOfContents
• bffi:Temporal ✅ ≡ bf:Temporal
• bffi:Title ✅ ≡ bf:Title (bffi:TitleNote exists but is rdfs:subClassOf bffi:Note, not bffi:Title; bffi:TitleSource is rdfs:subClassOf bffi:RecordingSource)
• bffi:Topic ✅ ≡ bf:Topic
• bffi:Unit ✅ ≡ bf:Unit

bffi:AccessPolicy ≡ bf:AccessPolicy

• bffi:AgeLimit ⤴ bf:AccessPolicy (broadMatch)

bffi:Agent ≡ bf:Agent

• bffi:Family ✅ ≡ bf:Family
• bffi:Jurisdiction ✅ ≡ bf:Jurisdiction
• bffi:Meeting ✅ ≡ bf:Meeting
• bffi:MetadataLicensor 🆕 BFFI-native
• bffi:Organization ✅ ≡ bf:Organization
• bffi:Person ✅ ≡ bf:Person

bffi:BibframeWork ≡ bf:Work

• bffi:Expression ⤴ bf:Work (broadMatch)
  • bffi:AggregatingExpression ⤴ bf:Work (broadMatch)
  • bffi:Arrangement ✅ ≡ bf:Arrangement
  • bffi:CartographyExpression ⤴ bf:Cartography (broadMatch)
  • bffi:CollectionExpression ⤴ bf:Collection (broadMatch)
  • bffi:Dataset ✅ ≡ bf:Dataset
  • bffi:MixedMaterial ✅ ≡ bf:MixedMaterial
  • bffi:Kit ✅ ≡ bf:Kit
  • bffi:MonographExpression ⤴ bf:Monograph (broadMatch)
  • bffi:MovingImageExpression ⤴ bf:MovingImage (broadMatch)
  • bffi:Multimedia ✅ ≡ bf:Multimedia
  • bffi:MusicAudioExpression ⤴ bf:MusicAudio (broadMatch)
  • bffi:NonMusicAudioExpression ⤴ bf:NonMusicAudio (broadMatch)
  • bffi:NotatedMovement ✅ ≡ bf:NotatedMovement
  • bffi:NotatedMusic ✅ ≡ bf:NotatedMusic
  • bffi:Object ✅ ≡ bf:Object
  • bffi:SerialExpression ⤴ bf:Serial (broadMatch)
  • bffi:SeriesExpression ⤴ bf:Series (broadMatch)
  • bffi:StillImage ✅ ≡ bf:StillImage
  • bffi:Text ✅ ≡ bf:Text
• bffi:Work ⤴ bf:Work (broadMatch)
  • bffi:AggregatingWork ⤴ bf:Work (broadMatch)
  • bffi:CartographyWork ⤴ bf:Cartography (broadMatch)
  • bffi:CollectionWork ⤴ bf:Collection (broadMatch)
  • bffi:Integrating ✅ ≡ bf:Integrating
  • bffi:Manuscript ✅ ≡ bf:Manuscript
  • bffi:MonographWork ⤴ bf:Monograph (broadMatch)
  • bffi:MovingImageWork ⤴ bf:MovingImage (broadMatch)
  • bffi:MusicWork ⤴ bf:NotatedMusic (closeMatch) / bf:MusicAudio (closeMatch)
  • bffi:NonMusicAudioWork ⤴ bf:NonMusicAudio (broadMatch)
  • bffi:SerialWork ⤴ bf:Serial (broadMatch)
  • bffi:SeriesWork ⤴ bf:Series (broadMatch)

bffi:Classification ≡ bf:Classification

• bffi:ClassificationDdc ✅ ≡ bf:ClassificationDdc
• bffi:ClassificationLcc ✅ ≡ bf:ClassificationLcc
• bffi:ClassificationNal ✅ ≡ bf:ClassificationNal
• bffi:ClassificationNlm ✅ ≡ bf:ClassificationNlm
• bffi:ClassificationUdc ✅ ≡ bf:ClassificationUdc

bffi:Contribution ≡ bf:Contribution

• bffi:PrimaryContribution ✅ ≡ bf:PrimaryContribution

bffi:DigitalCharacteristic ≡ bf:DigitalCharacteristic

• bffi:CartographicDataType ✅ ≡ bf:CartographicDataType
• bffi:CartographicObjectType ✅ ≡ bf:CartographicObjectType
• bffi:EncodedBitrate ✅ ≡ bf:EncodedBitrate
• bffi:EncodingFormat ✅ ≡ bf:EncodingFormat
• bffi:FileSize ✅ ≡ bf:FileSize
• bffi:FileType ✅ ≡ bf:FileType
• bffi:ObjectCount ✅ ≡ bf:ObjectCount
• bffi:RegionalEncoding ✅ ≡ bf:RegionalEncoding
• bffi:Resolution ✅ ≡ bf:Resolution

bffi:EnumerationAndChronology ≡ bf:EnumerationAndChronology

• bffi:Chronology ✅ ≡ bf:Chronology
• bffi:Enumeration ✅ ≡ bf:Enumeration

bffi:Identifier ≡ bf:Identifier

• bffi:Local ✅ ≡ bf:Local
• bffi:ShelfMark ✅ ≡ bf:ShelfMark

bffi:Item ≡ bf:Item

• bffi:CollectionItem ⤴ bf:Item (broadMatch)

bffi:Manifestation ≡ bf:Instance

• bffi:Archival ✅ ≡ bf:Archival
• bffi:CollectionManifestation ⤴ bf:Instance (broadMatch)
• bffi:Electronic ✅ ≡ bf:Electronic
• bffi:Microform ✅ ≡ bf:Microform
• bffi:Print ✅ ≡ bf:Print
• bffi:Tactile ✅ ≡ bf:Tactile

bffi:Material ≡ bf:Material

• bffi:AppliedMaterial ✅ ≡ bf:AppliedMaterial
• bffi:BaseMaterial ✅ ≡ bf:BaseMaterial

bffi:MixedMaterial ≡ bf:MixedMaterial

• bffi:Kit ✅ ≡ bf:Kit

bffi:Notation ≡ bf:Notation

• bffi:MovementNotation ✅ ≡ bf:MovementNotation
• bffi:MusicNotation ✅ ≡ bf:MusicNotation
• bffi:Script ✅ ≡ bf:Script
• bffi:TactileNotation ✅ ≡ bf:TactileNotation

bffi:Note ≡ bf:Note

• bffi:TitleNote ⤴ bf:Note (broadMatch)

bffi:ProjectionCharacteristic ≡ bf:ProjectionCharacteristic

• bffi:PresentationFormat ✅ ≡ bf:PresentationFormat
• bffi:ProjectionSpeed ✅ ≡ bf:ProjectionSpeed

bffi:ProvisionActivity ≡ bf:ProvisionActivity

• bffi:Distribution ✅ ≡ bf:Distribution
• bffi:Manufacture ✅ ≡ bf:Manufacture
• bffi:Modification ✅ ≡ bf:Modification
• bffi:Production ✅ ≡ bf:Production
• bffi:Publication ✅ ≡ bf:Publication

bffi:Scale ≡ bf:Scale

• bffi:ScaleDesignation ⤴ bf:Scale (broadMatch)

bffi:SoundCharacteristic ≡ bf:SoundCharacteristic

• bffi:CaptureStorage ✅ ≡ bf:CaptureStorage
• bffi:GrooveCharacteristic 🆕 BFFI-native
• bffi:GrooveCutting 🆕 BFFI-native
• bffi:PlaybackChannels ✅ ≡ bf:PlaybackChannels
• bffi:PlaybackCharacteristic ✅ ≡ bf:PlaybackCharacteristic
• bffi:PlayingSpeed ✅ ≡ bf:PlayingSpeed
• bffi:RecordingMedium ✅ ≡ bf:RecordingMedium
• bffi:RecordingMethod ✅ ≡ bf:RecordingMethod
• bffi:TapeConfig ✅ ≡ bf:TapeConfig
• bffi:TrackConfig ✅ ≡ bf:TrackConfig

bffi:Source ≡ bf:Source

• bffi:RecordingSource ⤴ bf:Source (broadMatch)
  • bffi:TitleSource ⤴ bf:Source (broadMatch)

bffi:SystemRequirement ≡ bf:SystemRequirement

• bffi:MachineModel 🆕 BFFI-native
• bffi:OperatingSystem 🆕 BFFI-native
• bffi:ProgrammingLanguage 🆕 BFFI-native

bffi:UsageAndAccessPolicy ≡ bf:UsageAndAccessPolicy

• bffi:AccessPolicy ✅ ≡ bf:AccessPolicy
  • bffi:AgeLimit ⤴ bf:AccessPolicy (broadMatch)
• bffi:RetentionPolicy ✅ ≡ bf:RetentionPolicy
• bffi:UsePolicy ✅ ≡ bf:UsePolicy

bffi:VideoCharacteristic ≡ bf:VideoCharacteristic

• bffi:BroadcastStandard ✅ ≡ bf:BroadcastStandard
• bffi:VideoFormat ✅ ≡ bf:VideoFormat

Gap clusters — context the auto-table can't carry

The Classes / Predicates tables above cover every BIBFRAME-declared bf:* term. The status flags (clean, routed, inherited, semantic-shift, GAP) and Handler column give per-row detail; the notes below add cluster-level context the table can't carry — why the GAP rows are gaps, and which deferred-routing candidates the project is aware of.

PMO music — BFFI 1.1.0 candidate

BIBFRAME 3.0.1 (December 2025) absorbed the Performed Music Ontology (PMO), introducing bf:KeyMode, bf:Ensemble, bf:MediumOfPerformance, bf:DramaticRole, bf:Tempo, etc. and their predicate counterparts. BFFI 1.0.0 is based on BIBFRAME 2.4.0 and predates the absorption, so all PMO terms show as GAP in the auto-table. The interim routing collapses what marc2bibframe2 emits to literal carriers — bffi:readMarc382 (Medium-of-Performance) and bffi:musicKey (KeyMode) — see the Music-medium and music-key routing callout above. A future BFFI 1.1.0 is expected to land BFFI-namespace equivalents on the existing re-anchor pattern.

Inverse predicates — deferred (zero corpus prevalence)

bf:agentOf, bf:appliedMaterialOf, bf:baseMaterialOf, bf:contributionOf, bf:materialOf — BFFI maps the forward direction but doesn't declare the inverses; BIBFRAME doesn't declare owl:inverseOf triples for them either. Zero corpus prevalence in the 20 k bench, so deferred. If a record carrying one surfaces, options are: declare the inverse under bffi: (NLF input) or route via bffi:relation to a LoC relationship URI.

bf:noteType literal categorisation — dropped, no BFFI carrier

bf:noteType is a DatatypeProperty (range rdfs:Literal) that BIBFRAME uses to categorise a bf:Note block with a vocabulary label ("Summary", "Bibliography", "Performer", "Language", etc.). BFFI 1.0.0 deliberately doesn't model literal note typing: bffi:Note has zero predicates with it as domain, and the only subclass is bffi:TitleNote. Reaching for dct:type / skos:notation would violate the "DC Terms → BFFI alternatives" pattern below. The routing is implemented as a drop (see drop_note_type in the routings module; the note_type_dropped counter is emitted at run-end). The note's text content in rdfs:label usually carries the categorisation implicitly ("Bibliography: …", "Summary: …"). A future bffi:noteType predicate (or a richer bffi:Note subclass hierarchy) is the natural NLF-extension fix.

Country labels — LoC vs YSO upstream gap

bf:place <http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/countries/{code}> is what marc2bibframe2 mints from MARC 008 positions 15-17, and what the canonical graph correctly preserves. The LoC countries vocabulary publishes only English rdfs:label literals for these URIs; the Finnish-cataloguing audience needs multilingual skos:prefLabel @fi/@sv/@en. YSO main has the multilingual labels for every modern country (e.g. yso:p94426 "Suomi"@fi / "Finland"@sv / "Finland"@en), but neither LoC nor Finto publishes a skos:exactMatch between the two URI spaces — only a Wikidata-mediated crosswalk via P3866 + P2347 exists, and it isn't built into either authority feed. Project workaround: vendor a CC0 bridge TTL at vocab/loc-countries-bridge.ttl carrying skos:exactMatch to YSO main plus inlined fi/sv/en prefLabels; a Skosify pass copies the prefLabels onto the LoC URI before write-out. The fix is local — the bibliographic data round-trips correctly regardless of label coverage, only the display surface improves. Upstream resolution path: propose to NLF/Finto that YSO-paikat publish skos:exactMatch triples to the LoC countries URIs.

Deferred routing candidates

Terms in GAP status with plausible routings that we haven't implemented because they had zero corpus prevalence in the 20 k bench (YAGNI):

• bf:Review / bf:review — natural fit for the catch-all bffi:relation chain (parallel to bf:accompaniedBy's routing).
• bf:subseriesEnumeration / bf:subseriesStatement — reuse bffi:seriesEnumeration / bffi:seriesStatement (subseries is a structural axis of the same concept).
• bf:variantType — drop; the existing Title-variant routing's bffi:marcKey first-3-char check already discriminates by MARC tag.
• bf:noteFor — minor metadata; route into the existing bffi:Note bnode shape.

Diagnostic — running the analysis live

$ bffi-pipeline diagnose-mappings              # summary + unreachable list
$ bffi-pipeline diagnose-mappings --show all   # also dumps the indirect chains
$ bffi-pipeline diagnose-mappings --max-hops 5 # widen the BFS bound (saturates at 3)
$ bffi-pipeline regenerate-mapping-tables      # rebuild the auto-tables above

Automated regression tests lock the bucket counts to a ±5 range and lock the auto-tables against drift. An ontology refresh that shifts either signal fires the regression check.